Julian,You really should have read the Romeo data release on the 166 with special regard to how the auto operates before carrying out any test.
I think this release may be pre-VDC system.
It is difficult to beleive your talking about the same car.
ALFA 166 IN CONTEXT
The stylish 166, Alfa Romeo’s flagship, is a large prestigious saloon which went on sale here in the UK at the beginning of 1999.
Designed and styled in-house by Alfa Romeo Centro Stile to reflect Alfa Romeo’s great heritage, and thus to be a car of character and stature, the high performance 166 also offers a variety of previously unseen technological features, including various engine-transmission combinations which are among the most powerful and efficient currently available on the market.
The 166’s sophisticated chassis features double wishbone (front) and multilink (rear) suspension to ensure impeccable road manners, and wide-ranging safety features: from ABS with electronic brake distribution, to antislip regulation for automatic traction control.
Sophisticated technology has also been employed to create a suitable environment inside the car for both driver and passengers: an efficient electronic interface, cruise control, a ‘smart’ radio able to adjust its volume level to the surroundings; a satellite navigation system that suggests the best route to required destinations, and a notably advanced climate control system. The latter, together with communications, ICE and the satellite navigator, are channelled through an integrated control system (ICS) situated in the centre of the facia.
Comfort, performance, safety and style were the key attributes identified by the 12-strong 166 design team at Alfa Romeo Centro Stile. Thus, classic Alfa styling themes are not flaunted, but only suggested, and tight control has been maintained over proportions and brightwork.
FEATURES
Solid and imposing, but also sharply individual, the Alfa 166 stands out for its smooth, uncluttered and appealing style.
Its family resemblance to other models in the Alfa Romeo range is obvious, as is its link to Alfa’s glorious past.
But the new model is aimed at demanding motorists who appreciate sophisticated engineering and who demand high quality, comprehensive safety features, and - naturally - driving satisfaction from their car.
In the UK, three petrol power units are available: the four cylinder 2.0 Twin Spark 16v with 155 bhp, or a choice of 2.5 and 3.0 V6 24v engines developing 190 bhp and 226 bhp respectively. With their high levels of power and torque, all these units offer outstanding engineering, spirited performance, refinement, reliability and environmental compatibility.
The 2.0 Twin Spark is Alfa Romeo’s classic twin overhead camshaft engine, seen here in its latest manifestation, with multi-valve cylinder head, variable valve timing, twin spark ignition, and a variable geometry intake manifold for optimal torque, even at low rpm. The all-alloy 2.5 and 3.0 V6 24v units both possess impressive power and torque for their categories.
Alfa 166’s transmissions are modern, refined and durable. The manual unit is quiet, slick in operation and requires very little effort to engage gears. The five-speed version is mated to the 2.0 Twin Spark and 2.5 V6 engines. A six speed version is fitted to the 3.0 V6 to enhance this 150mph car’s strong sporting characteristics.
Both normally aspirated V6 units are also available with an electronic automatic transmission. This new, advanced gearbox can best be described as a self-adaptive system. It offers sequential manual operation; i.e. the user is free to change gear - or the system adapts to the user’s driving style and route conditions by choosing the best speed change strategies on the basis of numerous parameters.
The Alfa 166 owes much of its responsive road behaviour to its advanced chassis. The front suspension features a double wishbone layout, which is a development of the system used on the 156. The rear suspension is a new multilink arrangement. This advanced combination succeeds in reconciling handling and ride quality to ensure that the 166 benefits from maximum stability and driving satisfaction, while transporting its occupants in comfort.
To offer the driver maximum control under all conditions, Alfa Romeo’s new flagship also benefits from other state-of-the-art engineering solutions: active sensor ABS with electronic brakeforce distribution; Antislip Regulation or a Traction Control System; and also Sport Throttle Response, which allows drivers to choose their favourite driving style.
The comprehensive safety package - including two airbags (one with passenger presence sensor), front pretensioners and a fire prevention system - has been extended on the Alfa 166 to include xenon headlights and side airbags. These safety systems packed into an exceptionally rigid bodyshell (140,000 daNm/rad of torsional rigidity), provide a sound basis for an intrinsically safe car.
High quality of life on board is enhanced by a Cruise Control system which maintains a speed set by the driver for a more relaxed journey.
A huge array of options and accessories, and a wide choice of material and colour matches shows painstaking attention to detail. Alfa 166 buyers can choose one of three interior environments in different colours: the elegant environment is based on warm beige tones; the sports environment juxtaposes dark grey and black - while light grey shades predominate in the classic environment. Red Style and Blue Style leather interiors can also be chosen as options. The former is reserved for the 3.0 V6 manual version. The latter is available for all other Alfa 166 versions.
The final result is completed by 12 exterior colour options. These include two pastel and eight metallic shades, plus two iridescent shades based on pearlescent enamels: the now classic Nuvola, and the new Aurora.
The Alfa 166 is built at Rivalta, some 12 miles from Turin. Six cylinder engines come from Arese (Milan), while the 2.0 Twin Spark is built at the Pratola Serra (Avellino) plant.
THE MARKET
The sector of the market in which 166 competes is known in marketing terms as ‘E segment’, a class which for many years has been dominated by German marques. For the past few years, this segment has been responsible for around 8% of the total UK market, and has recently been the subject of increased activity as a result of product introductions such as the Jaguar S type, Rover 75, and Volvo S80. Current benchmark vehicles include BMW 5 series, Mercedes E Class and Audi A6, all of which characterise an essential ingredient for success in E segment - strong brand image.
Alfa Romeo has returned to this part of the market with confidence, building on the enormous European success of its 156 mid-size sports saloon - a success achieved as a result of greatly increased product quality allied to traditional Alfa Romeo traits such as driving satisfaction, style and individuality.
Alfa Romeo UK sales in 1999 were almost 12% up on the previous year.
ALFA 166: STYLE
STYLE
The 166 was designed to combine the elegant features of a solid and imposing range-leader with the sporty flair of a coupe. The broad bonnet is distinguished by characteristic V-shaped ribs. The passenger compartment is well proportioned and the slim compact rear conceals a large boot.
A fundamental attribute for a big saloon is its styling balance. Thus, classic Alfa Romeo traits have not been over-laboured, but subtly hinted at. The proportions, and the amount of chrome plating have been carefully controlled. As a result, the Alfa 166 displays an understated consistency that gives this car an elegance typical of Italian style. It also looks good under the bonnet. The engine bay has been designed with the same attention to detail as the exterior.
Lines
Alfa’s traditional V-shaped bonnet styling wraps around the Alfa Romeo shield to follow its shape. The two converging ribs then expand to emphasise the presence of the engine before seamlessly embracing the entire car. The upper line of the shield runs into the side air intakes (the car’s classic ‘moustaches’), forming a single unit with the slender polyelliptical headlights. These compact, efficient light clusters are a central high-tech style focus. The bonnet curves forward and down in a way that evokes memories of the old 1900.
Flush-fitting bumpers blend into the car’s body. The lower part of the bumper houses foglights which are separated and given a powerful edge by the radiator grille. These few essential features create a front end redolent of great personality.
Uncluttered sides are marked only by chrome door handles, roof trim and door sill trim. The extensive panel areas take precedence over glass to make the vehicle look reminiscent of a coupé from the side. The body is smooth and rounded without any corners and drip channels, with the door handles and indicators flush with the body.
Convex wheel arches, and wheels flush with the body, help to create an image of a strong, compact car. The sides flow smoothly into light clusters beneath the luggage compartment. These small, separate units, embedded in the bodywork, are a uniform bright red in colour. Because conventional turn signal bulbs have been replaced by LED lights, the signals change colour when the lights are on (orange) and off (red).
Interior
As on all Alfa Romeos, and especially because this is a sports saloon, the interior is focused on the driver’s area, which has been designed with the greatest care.
The carpet matches the roof, and the door seals are the same colour as the body. An extensive range of materials (velour, cloth and leather) and colours has been used to create three different environments: sporty, elegant or classic.
The relatively high waistline, rounded shapes, protrusion-free finish and smooth surfaces do not fulfil a solely aesthetic function. The facia and all interior components are designed to protect occupants, even in the case of a collision.
The dashboard is curved to reflect the shape of the steering wheel and contains four round instrument dials. Strictly analogue in true Alfa Romeo tradition, these circular instruments overlap, and are angled in a slightly different direction so that they are all instantly identifiable. All other high-tech items (the Integrated Control System responsible for governing climate control, radio, GSM phone, satellite navigation system and trip computer) are clustered on a console in the centre of the car, where they can be reached easily and without distracting the driver’s attention.
The need for effective climate control was taken into account when designing the facia. User-friendly and ergonomically designed controls allow for micrometric accuracy. The stylish oval central outlet and five round front air vents have chrome-plated surrounds. They ensure generous air flow and an even distribution throughout the passenger compartment.
Two glove compartments and numerous oddment compartments in the side panels, central console and armrests complete the comfort of an environment designed specifically for a prestige car with a sporting heart.
Low passenger compartment sound levels are the outcome of painstaking research to contain it at source, by minimising engine noise and suppressing all aerodynamic wind noise.
The interior is therefore stylish but ‘warm’, and able to offer all the comfort one would expect of a big saloon in terms of user-friendliness, refinement and climate control.
ALFA 166: ENGINES
Beneath the bonnet of every Alfa Romeo lies an engine that says more about the car’s character than any other single feature ever can. The three Alfa 166 petrol engines in the UK range display different characteristics, but they are all engineered to exceed customer expectations.
The UK range is as follows:
4 cylinder
6 cylinder
6 cylinder
2.0 Twin Spark 16-valve
2.5 V6 24-valve
3.0 V6 24-valve
2.0 TWIN SPARK
High performance, strong low speed torque and smooth operation; these are the strengths of Alfa’s latest four cylinder 2.0 Twin Spark 16-valve unit.
Developed from the previous Twin Spark unit of the same capacity, the new twin overhead camshaft, alloy head 1970cc engine is fitted with a variable geometry intake system. Managed electronically by the injection control unit, it uses ports of different lengths for different engine rpm. It is therefore able to ensure precise airflow to the cylinders at all engine speeds for increased engine efficiency, a much ‘flatter’ torque curve, and greater response.
The result is an even more powerful and flexible engine than the unit offered in the previous range. Some 90% of the high available torque (138 lb.ft at 2800 rpm) is delivered at less than 2000 rpm. Maximum power is 155 bhp at 6400 rpm. When fitted with this power unit, the Alfa 166 can reach a top speed of 132mph and accelerate from 0-62mph in 9.6 seconds.
The smooth 2.0 Twin Spark 16-valve unit is also mated to a gearbox with ratios designed to ensure good performance without affecting fuel consumption. This benefits environmental factors on the one hand and running costs on the other. Fuel consumption is 29.1mpg (official combined figure).
Twin counter-rotating balancer shafts, a structural oil sump designed to stiffen the power unit, and a crankshaft torsional damper help reduce vibration transmitted to the passenger compartment, and thus ensure notable refinement.
For optimum safety, even in the case of an accident, the 2.0 Twin Spark unit is fitted with a non-return fuel system that lacks a return line to the tank and thus minimises the possibility of fire.
2.5 AND 3.0 V6
The result of state-of-the-art engine technology, Alfa Romeo’s revered all-alloy, four-valves-per-cylinder, four OHC 2.5 and 3.0 V6 engines achieve an appropriate balance between high performance and driving flexibility. This flexibility is particularly evident in the 3.0 litre engine, which is mated to a 6-speed manual gearbox, (sixth speed is not an overdrive ratio). This transmission allows for close-spaced ratios and permits the driver to get the most out of the available torque at the lower end of the engine speed range, and throughout the power curve.
At the centre of the Alfa 166 range, the six cylinder 2.5 unit has a capacity of 2492 cc, maximum power of 190 bhp and torque of 163 lb.ft. Equipped with this engine, a 166 can reach a top speed of almost 140mph and accelerate from 0-62mph in 8.4 seconds. Fuel consumption is 24.7mpg (official combined figure).
The 3.0 engine has a capacity of 2959 cc. Its 226 bhp makes it one of the most powerful engines in its category. It delivers maximum torque of 202 lb.ft, and thus equipped, a 166 takes just 7.8 seconds to accelerate from 0-62mph. Fuel consumption is 22.5mpg (official combined figure). Top speed is also class-leading: 150mph.
Both power units feature six cylinders set in a 60° V configuration. The cylinder heads contain four valves per cylinder, pent roof combustion chambers and a centrally mounted spark plug. The angle between valves is 37°. Throttle opening is controlled by an electronic control unit with no mechanical connections between accelerator pedal and throttle body, the same sophisticated system used in Grand Prix racing. Both the 2.5 and 3.0 V6 engines are managed electronically by a Bosch Motronic ME2.1 system.
Unlike mechanical systems, an electronic throttle body does away with the need for a single throttle position to correspond to a single accelerator position. The driver can operate a switch on the central console near to the gear lever (the Sport Throttle Response control) to select two different throttle opening modes, and thus opt for a smoother, more gradual engine response, (when driving around town for example), or a faster, more lively power delivery, more suited for a sporty drive. The electronic throttle also ensures rapid activation of the catalytic converter when the engine is cold (because the throttle opens wider than requested by the accelerator) for more effective emissions control.
Other significant engineering solutions adopted on these engines are as follows:
a non-return fuel system;
a lubrication system which sprays oil jets onto the piston crowns to ensure effective cooling;
an air-oil radiator that allows engine oil to be warmed up more quickly following cold starts;
static ignition with one coil per cylinder and dual knock control.
Maintenance needs are minimised by the use of long-life platinum spark plugs, automatic belt tensioners and hydraulic tappets that eliminate any need for periodic valve checks.
All Alfa 166 engines are fitted with a dual damping flywheel that helps, together with other features, to minimise noise and vibration transmitted to the passenger compartment. The cars are quiet, even from outside, with low fuel consumption, and emission levels that meet EU stage 2 requirements with a large margin to spare.
ALFA 166: TRANSMISSIONS
Two transmission options make the most of the performance delivered by 166’s three power units. A 31 kgm (224 lb.ft) manual unit is available in 5 and 6-speed versions, the former being fitted to the 2.0 Twin Spark 16-valve and 2.5 V6 24-valve engines. The 6-speed version is fitted to the 3.0 V6 24-valve engine.
A 30 kgm (217 lb.ft) Sportronic electronic automatic transmission is also available. This new design is an option with 2.5 and 3.0 V6 24-valve versions.
Manual transmission
Compared to its predecessor, this gearbox offers reduced dimensions (transverse and longitudinal) and superior change quality. The external dual cable linkage system eliminates vibration and gear lever judder.
Gearbox configuration is transverse, with two shafts connected in a cascade system, and a differential. Both versions (5 and 6-speed) are fitted with a mechanism to prevent involuntary engagement of reverse, and to increase precision when engaging fifth speed.
The system requires notably less engagement effort than previously. This has been achieved by adopting a Borg-Warner type synchroniser ring system on all speeds. A triple cone synchroniser is added for first and second speeds, and a double cone synchroniser for third, i.e. the speeds most commonly used in town traffic. The gearbox is completed by a Viton Thermic Compensator which compensates for different amounts of thermal expansion experienced by the gearbox and main shaft to allow quiet, slick engagement (regardless of oil temperature). This characteristic is enhanced by an internal gear control system with four selection planes (reverse is on the fourth plane) with a speed positioner located centrally and mounted on bearings.
A 6-speed gearbox is combined with the 3.0 V6 engine. Sixth speed is not an overdrive, thus allowing transmission ratios to be closely spaced so that engine speeds and generous torque can be managed very accurately to produce prodigious performance, coupled with great driving satisfaction and mechanical refinement.
Automatic transmission
Sportronic Electronic Automatic Transmission is an innovative, electronically controlled 4-speed transmission that allows drivers to choose between self-adaptive or clutchless manual control.
In the first instance the system monitors the way in which the driver operates certain controls for a short period. It then decides on the most effective gear-speed sequence to suit these factors (and also car condition and route type). This is achieved by comparing measured data with memorised software.
When used in manual mode, Sportronic lets the driver choose the speed to engage gears.
Self-adaptive mode
From a technical viewpoint, an automatic transmission is the best complement to a power unit because it allows engine power to be exploited to the full while protecting car and occupants against poor clutch operation - thus offering comfortable progress. If the electronic management system is self-adaptive, as in the case of the Alfa 166, the gearbox is ‘smart’, i.e. it can select programs independently, and automatically adapt to the driver’s style and type of route.
Sportronic Electronic Automatic Transmission considers many more variables than a conventional electronic transmission. The Sportronic unit also processes them continuously and is able to identify route conditions (uphill gradient, descent, bends) and driving style (sporty or relaxed). The new system considers not only the instantaneous value of these parameters but also the way they change over time.
On the basis of input received, an ECU firstly decides which of the 20 available programs to adopt, and then runs its internal program to determine which speed to select.
For example: if the car frequently starts off slowly and then stops due to the type of road, Sportronic identifies the fact that the car is travelling in a queue or around town. It therefore engages the ‘stop and go’ program automatically, which keeps second speed continually engaged instead of changing continuously from first to second. This reduces fuel consumption and increases passenger comfort.
If the accelerator is kept in the same position for at least 10 seconds, the self-adaptive management automatically switches to a higher gear while maintaining the same speed. This prevents pointless fuel wastage and unnecessarily reduced comfort due to high engine rpm.
If, however, accelerator load changes quickly and frequently, the system identifies a sporty driving style. It automatically adjusts its program to ensure an equal rate of reaction during gear changes, and instructs the engine to work at higher rpm. If the throttle is kicked down to the floor continually, an extra sporty program cuts in immediately to ensure the same reactions, but in an accentuated manner.
With conventional automatic transmissions, when the driver’s foot is taken off the accelerator pedal on the approach to a bend, a higher gear is immediately engaged, which gives rise to the unpleasant sensation of the transmission being in neutral with the engine running at a low speed. This reaction also makes for poor acceleration when exiting the bend. Sportronic, however, analyses the speed with which the driver’s foot is taken off the accelerator, and identifies the need to maintain engagement of the same ratio.
If the brake pedal is depressed when the car approaches a bend, the system activates its sports program; changing down through the gears and enhancing engine braking action. After the approach stage, ABS sensors detect the bend itself due to the difference in rotation between wheels on either side of the car. Sportronic leaves the same ratio engaged to ensure the car is effectively balanced and allows it to be accelerated smartly out of the bend.
Should the driver remove his foot from the accelerator to slow down at the beginning of a descent, the system either maintains the ratio engaged or changes down to increase engine braking. Conversely, when the accelerator is depressed but speed does not increase, the self-adaptive transmission ‘understands’ that the car is about to be driven uphill or that it is subject to a higher load than usual (eg: heavily laden or pulling a trailer). To overcome load resistance, the system selects a program that engages low gears, making the engine work at higher rpm.
Sportronic is also able to counter wheelspin when the vehicle is being driven over loose ground. It sets off in second gear and then changes up in rapid sequence, thus preventing engine rpm from rising too quickly, so restricting the amount of torque available.
A specific cold start program is engaged that performs gear changes at higher rpm than normal, thus increasing exhaust gas volume and allowing the power unit to warm up more quickly. This program also heats the catalytic converter more rapidly, thus reducing emissions during this crucial stage.
Manual mode
The Sportronic system also allows manual gear changes. This mode allows the vehicle to be driven in a sporty manner, even under the few circumstances when a fully automatic transmission does not allow the car’s attributes to be exploited to the full (e.g., when travelling at speed over a mixed route with a variety of bends and continual changes in gradient).
The driver can select manual mode by moving the gear lever into a separate gate located alongside the automatic selection gate. In this position, the lever can perform only two movements: forward to change up, and backwards to change down. Each gear change is shown on the display. When the vehicle stops, the system engages first gear, ready to set off again.
Even when used manually, Sportronic maintains certain advantages typical of a ‘smart’ transmission. For example, it allows gear changes to be made without interrupting power delivery. Power is actually interrupted by the electronic control unit, but so quickly that it cannot be detected. It also cuts in automatically to prevent any possibility of error. The gear may be changed, for example, only if engine rpm is at the appropriate level.
ALFA 166: SUSPENSION
Already used on the 156, but re-designed specially for the 166, Alfa Romeo’s double wishbone front suspension combines great control, typical of front-wheel drive, with sporty performance and exceptional precision. It ensures impressive lateral grip, secure high speed turn-in, and a highly effective and precise steering response. It also weds these features to a road surface absorption and damping ability typical of the most comfortable cars in its class.
Such comfort is further accentuated by a new multilink rear suspension layout. This innovative Alfa Romeo-patented system allows independent control of comfort and handling parameters, and thus reduces the need for compromise between both requirements. The particularly sensitive and reactive multilink system mirrors front suspension movements to ensure great stability at high speed, and great driving satisfaction in the best Alfa tradition.
Front
Double wishbone front suspension adapts very well to steering characteristics. It allows the wheels plenty of flexibility to keep power firmly on the ground, and thus maximise front axle grip.
The system comprises a lower wishbone in stainless steel, together with a strut and an upper wishbone in aluminium alloy. The coaxial spring-damper unit is connected to the body via a flexible mount, and to the lower wishbone via a fork. To ensure the system takes up minimal space and also improves structural rigidity, the upper wishbone is jointed to an aluminium shell, anchored to the body at five points. This acts as a support for the upper spring-damper unit attachment.
Suspension geometry is designed to restore wheel camber during rolling and steering movements to maintain a constant kingpin offset, (the distance between the centre of the tyre’s contact patch and the point at which the steering axis intersects with the ground), regardless of load conditions.
The specific position of the upper wishbone, with its axis of rotation angled forward, also allows the kingpin angle to be controlled, under even the most critical driving conditions. As a result, the wheels maintain optimal grip, even at extreme steering angles, and the effort required on the steering wheel is more predictable and graduated.
This configuration brings the following major benefits to the driver:
the best possible grip under all conditions;
the best possible cornering stability under all load conditions;
a significant improvement in traction, even in difficult situations;
steering precision and sensitivity, even on narrow, winding roads;
predictable graduated effort on the wheel, which increases uniformly to the grip limit;
anti-dive geometry to contain front end dip during braking;
lack of steering wheel reaction, even when one of the two driven wheels loses grip during acceleration;
the steering wheel returns naturally to the straight-ahead position when the car exits a bend, and the vehicle displays a great capacity for realignment.
Rear
The rear suspension is a notably sophisticated multilink configuration, designed to ensure the best possible handling and roadholding consistent with a high level of comfort under all driving conditions, particularly when cornering at speed.
The best possible compromise between light weight, compact dimensions and stress resistance was sought for each suspension component. The basic structure includes a beam and lower wishbone in aluminium alloy, a cast iron pillar and a stainless steel upper wishbone. The beam is joined to the body and lower wishbone by flexible blocks, designed to ensure stable and comfortable rear axle performance. A vertical rod connects the wishbone to the pillar, which is the wheel’s load-bearing element.
All forces acting on the suspension pass through this point. Two control rods guide camber and toe-in movements respectively. The spring, anti-roll bar, damper and buffer stop are also connected directly to the pillar in order to establish a direct relationship with wheel movement. This patented innovation involves replacement of the conventional rigid strut with a jointed type made up of three different interconnected elements. This solution introduces an extra degree of freedom within the suspension for improved handling and maximum comfort, as the system absorbs road irregularities more readily by retracting the wheel slightly when encountering obstacles.
The new multilink system improves performance by ensuring optimum control of both rear axle steering and braking, offering great stability during overtaking and lane-change manoeuvres: in fact, the system is able to exploit the car’s transverse load during rapid directional changes, while also optimising rear wheel camber angle in relation to the road during cornering. The tyres’ contact patch is therefore improved, which brings benefits in terms of lateral grip and roadholding.
The improvement involves two stages. During an initial response to steering input, the suspension causes the front wheels to execute a mini counter-steer due to the effect of centrifugal force, and thus accelerates the car’s response to the new trajectory. When the car is well established in the bend, rear wheel counter-steer is cancelled out by the effect of increased centrifugal force, while the same lateral force acts on the rear tyres to induce a mini-steer in phase with the steered front wheels.
The mechanically sophisticated Alfa 166 is thus particularly easy to drive because of its responsive behaviour. The very direct, quick steering (2.3 turns lock to lock) allows the driver to tackle winding roads with flair, using only small movements of the steering wheel, while, from a technical viewpoint, the suspension configuration means that the front tyres always work optimally in relation to the road, with uniform specific pressure over the tyre contact patch.
This kind of behaviour is naturally important for active safety reasons. When required to avoid a sudden obstacle, the Alfa Romeo 166 makes the most of its attributes during the two most crucial stages of the manoeuvre: the beginning and the end. At the beginning, it responds swiftly (due to the front suspension layout) and offers maximum lateral grip. At the end, it realigns itself smoothly and instinctively. This action is facilitated by a limited degree of rear wheel steering imposed by the rear suspension.
Enthusiasts are sure to derive considerable driving pleasure from a car able to exploit its outstanding suspension responses to the full. The front suspension configuration makes the car’s behaviour neutral in corners, with minimal understeer, and ensures that the car goes exactly where the driver wants it to. Meanwhile, rear suspension steers the rear wheels slightly to follow any manoeuvre smoothly and progressively.
The advantages are equally apparent when the car is cornered at high speed. The Alfa 166 completes the first part of the trajectory with all the precision of the best front-wheel drive cars. When the accelerator is released slightly halfway round a bend, the car ‘tightens’ its line to complete the bend with a touch of oversteer. At this point, re-applying throttle and accelerating out of the bend will result in the car lining itself up again with smooth immediacy.
ALFA 166: WHEELS AND STEERING
WHEELS AND TYRES
Powerful engines, innovative transmissions and a sophisticated suspension system are complemented by high quality tyres so that the car can maintain its grip on the road under all conditions, while ensuring that its occupants travel in comfort.
Alfa Romeo engineers selected 205/55 WR tyres for all versions of the new model. These contain vehicle drift on corners, and at the same time display a good capacity for absorbing road irregularities. They are fitted to 16” alloy wheels.
Two alloy wheel sizes - 16 and 17 inch - are available. The former come with the standard 205/55 tyres. The latter, offered on 3.0 versions only, come with wider 225/45 tyres to improve the Alfa 166’s responsiveness and roadholding still further.
Steering
Alfa 166’s steering ensures safety and precision at high speeds, rapid responses and less effort at the wheel during low-speed parking manoeuvres.
The power steering system, fitted as standard on all versions, is virtually silent because all hydraulic pulses have been minimised by baffles installed in the high pressure pipes, and the adoption of oil cooling coils.
The steering box includes generously proportioned racks and links to prevent flexible yield in the steering column. This sturdy unit is able to absorb considerable levels of impact and stress.
All Alfa Romeos are renowned for their lively steering feel, which is very direct and responsive. The Alfa 166’s steering has 2.3 turns from lock to lock, and the turning circle is 11.6 metres. The power steering setting achieves an effective balance between low steering effort when the car is at a standstill, and a firmer response during fast driving.
The telescopic steering column is divided into two sections for comfort and safety. The lower section is collapsible to ensure that steering wheel position is maintained, even during impact. The upper section can be slid from side to side or rocked up or down. A steel bracket and a high rigidity magnesium mount prevent vibration.
The steering lock is a friction type designed to meet the latest European standards. If a theft attempt is made, the system is designed to protect the steering column and lock mechanisms.
ALFA 166: COMFORT
While driving satisfaction has always been a strong point of Alfa Romeo cars, passenger satisfaction is compulsory when the car must also combine the character of an Alfa with the refinement and quality required of a large luxury saloon.
The pleasingly shaped interior has been designed to make best use of available space. Everyone can find their ideal seating position because seats and steering wheel are multi-adjustable.
The positions of the steering wheel, pedal unit and gear lever have been analysed to offer maximum car control at all times. All instruments and controls are functional, easy to read and easy to reach in accordance with the most advanced ergonomic parameters.
A quiet cabin
The ability to travel in a quiet environment contributes significantly to quality of life on board, because it makes the driver more alert and thus increases safety. When designing the Alfa 166, special care was devoted to aerodynamics, component assembly and mechanical components. To cut down noise produced by the engine and other components (such as electric motors) at source, special solutions reduce or eliminate the transmission of vibration to the body. Specific features include hydraulic engine mounting blocks, flexible elements interposed between suspension and chassis, and also damping, sound-proofing and sound-deadening materials applied to the body and finished components.
All these interventions have produced a very quiet passenger compartment. This is borne out by instrument tests indicating one of the best articulation indices (a measure of the ability to hold a conversation in a normal voice) in its class.
Climate control
The Alfa 166 is fitted with a fully automatic climate control system as standard, which ensures the best possible conditions of comfort and safety. Passenger compartment temperature, humidity and ventilation can influence the driver’s level of awareness and well-being.
Centrifugal fan speed varies continuously to ensure an impressive air output (490 m3/h). This feature allows the fan to deliver a constant flow regardless of road speed, and to achieve the required temperature quickly in winter or summer.
The fan is operated by a quiet and reliable brushless motor. The compressor has variable displacement to allow it to adapt automatically to the required climate conditions by limiting the amount of power absorbed, and thus reducing fuel consumption.
The user-friendly and intuitive digital controls allow fast climate adjustment. The car contains 16 ventilation outlets. Seven of these are round (in accordance with Alfa style) and can turn about their axes to direct air to every point in the passenger compartment. They can also be fully closed to ensure a perfect seal without undesirable draughts.
The system can be operated in different modes:
ventilation, to offer an immediate sensation of well-being while the passenger compartment reaches the required temperature;
bi-level, to direct warmer air to outlets nearer the floor and cooler air from facia outlets;
footwell to ensure fast passenger compartment heating (because warm air tends to rise);
footwell + de-mist, to ensure that the passenger compartment is properly heated while simultaneously de-misting the windows;
de-misting, to direct air only on the windscreen and front side windows for de-misting and de-frosting;
max de-frost, essential during rainy periods and in spring and autumn: the compressor comes on automatically to de-humidify air entering the passenger compartment for fast de-misting of the windscreen, front side windows and rear window.
A temperature estimator records interior and exterior temperature via sensors, and can also assess the sensation of thermal well-being experienced by the occupants, i.e. the energy exchanged between the human body and the passenger compartment, which is affected by humidity, temperature and treated airflow.
Another sensor, located in a central position at the base of the windscreen, measures car solar radiation. This device detects excessive temperature rises inside the passenger compartment due to the sun’s rays, and thus ‘informs’ the climate control system so that it can take action immediately.
All these parameters are measured continually and used to update distribution, ventilation and mixing, automatically. Air temperature at the outlets and fan speed are adjusted to maintain the sensation of thermal well-being in the passenger compartment, pre-set by the user. The result is a consistent interior temperature, however much outdoor conditions may vary.
Each of these parameters may be adjusted manually. Manual controls take priority over automatic controls and are stored until the user cancels the input. Quality of air entering the car is improved by its passage through a two-layer filter. The first layer traps particles measuring more than 0.5 microns in diameter, i.e. pollen (which can give rise to allergic reactions), while the second active carbon filter removes pollutants and absorbs unpleasant odours.
A re-circulation function is activated automatically when passenger compartment temperature needs lowering as quickly as possible, but it may also be selected manually to prevent unclean air entering when the car is in a traffic jam or passing through a tunnel.
Cruise Control
Fitted as standard on the 2.5 V6 Sportronic and 3.0 V6, both manual and Sportronic versions, and available as an option on the 2.5 V6 manual, Alfa Romeo’s Cruise Control system directly controls the engine throttle to maintain a cruising speed set by the driver.
A ring switch on the left-hand steering wheel stalk (on-off) is operated and a second ring (an actual manual accelerator) is turned towards the “+” or “-“ sign to reach the required speed. When the ring is released the car continues to travel at the stored speed setting without the driver pressing the accelerator.
Not available on the 2.0 Twin Spark version, Cruise Control operates throughout the entire engine rpm range, but only in excess of 19mph.
When the accelerator pedal is pressed (while overtaking for example) the system remains active, but is automatically disabled. The car continues to accelerate as required, but as soon as the pedal is released, Cruise Control automatically restores road speed to the stored value. For obvious safety reasons, the system is de-activated temporarily when the driver presses the brake or clutch pedal. In this case, the pre-set speed can be recalled by pressing the RCL (Recall) switch.
When the main switch is turned to off, Cruise Control is deactivated and all settings cancelled.
When Anti Slip Regulation is present in addition to Cruise Control, ASR takes priority over automatic speed control. When ASR stops working, the system returns to the stored speed setting.
Integrated Control System
The quality of life on board benefits from an integrated control system (ICS), which acts as an interface between man and machine (166 is the first car in its class to be fitted as standard with a 5” colour screen). This sophisticated electronic system allows the driver to control heating/ventilation, trip computer, radio, hi-fi system, GSM phone and satellite navigator. The first three functions are fitted as standard on all versions of 166, the other three are available as options.
The Integrated Control System is located on the central console and may easily be consulted by both driver and passenger. It is also clearly visible from the rear seat. The volume of acoustic messages and screen contrast may be adjusted as required by the driver. Further adjustment is carried out by a photocell according to available light.
ICS function ‘pages’ are interactive. Each function is represented by a different screen display, which contains information on current system status and/or lists of items that can be selected using the cursor. The cursor is moved using a control at the lower right-hand side.
Radio
The standard radio system can store up to 24 stations. Its volume and base/treble mix adjusts according to road speed, and a radio data system (RDS) is incorporated. RDS provides traffic news throughout the journey and cuts out interference by means of imperceptible frequency changes. The receiver continually scans for the best available programme frequency and automatically searches for a new selection when reception quality deteriorates (Auto Best function). Sound volume also changes automatically, in relation to road speed.
An aerial is built into the rear window. The cassette player comes with auto-reverse, and a Becker Hi Fi system with a six-CD changer is available as an option.
Mobile phone
The car radio and hi-fi automatically become mute when the GSM phone is activated. The phone comes with many functions that simplify its use in the car, such as a hands-free system and an additional receiver (from the Accessory range). The phone also offers a Short Message Service and can store a list of phone numbers, which may be taken from a SIM telephone card.
On-board computer
The on-board computer supplies a list of useful statistical data, such as fuel consumption and average speed, remaining range on the available fuel and, if the car is fitted with a navigation system, the number of miles to a desired destination and estimated arrival time. The driver may select the language in which this information is received and the measurement unit. A speed limit can also be set: a visual and acoustic signal goes off when this limit is exceeded.
Satellite Navigation System
This system uses visual and vocal messages to give the driver step-by-step instructions on the best route to a given destination. The driver simply enters a destination and preferences: motorway route, route avoiding motorways, fastest route, etc. From that point until arrival, the electronic ‘co-pilot’ gives the driver instructions in advance. It is also possible to call up a series of stored destinations, such as hotels, monuments, leisure centres, airports, hospitals, garages and Alfa Romeo dealers.
When the car is started, the first position indication is received in less than 10 seconds. This is achieved from data being sent to the computer receiver by a global positioning satellite aerial. Signals from a gyroscope and the ABS sensors are also monitored to calculate car movement (particularly when GPS reception is poor).
The digital map and all necessary software required for navigation are stored on CD-roms, so data can be updated at any time. The system requires 2 CD-roms: one is delivered at the time of purchase, and another, containing updates, is despatched directly to the customer later.
Sport Throttle Response
Sport Throttle Response is exclusive to the Alfa 166. Fitted as standard with manual V6 engines, the system modulates engine response to the accelerator pedal. It offers the choice of a lively, entertaining drive while still enabling the car to be driven in a more relaxed, comfortable manner whenever the driver wishes, for example around town.
When the engine is running, the control unit is always set to standard driving mode. STR is activated (indicated by a warning light) by pressing a switch on the console near the gear lever, but the driver must also activate the system by releasing the accelerator pedal (otherwise the control could be operated inadvertently by a passenger).
Once the system is active, throttle opening angle increases without altering pressure on the accelerator pedal, to enhance 166’s sporty feel. When the switch is operated again and pressure is removed from the accelerator pedal, normal driving mode is restored.
STR can also be switched from standard to sport mode automatically by pressing the accelerator pedal quickly. This comes in handy when sudden rapid acceleration is required, while overtaking or during an emergency manoeuvre.
ALFA 166: SAFETY
While reflecting a wealth of sporting technology, safety is one of this new Alfa’s strongest points.
Preventive safety
Particular technical attention has been devoted to promoting driver awareness. The driving position is ideal for long trips. Instruments are easily legible and controls easy to reach and operate. The passenger compartment is quiet, all-round visibility is excellent and climate control and lighting are highly effective.
Xenon headlights
Excellent visibility, night and day, is important to ensure good preventive safety. The Alfa 166 is therefore fitted as standard with polyelliptical headlights. However, a xenon headlight option offers even higher quality of emitted light, together with exceptional efficiency under all atmospheric conditions.
In a gas discharge bulb, the conventional headlight filament is replaced by two electrodes spaced a few millimetres apart that generate an electronic voltage discharge in a low-pressure xenon gas environment. These headlights are so technically complex that they require the presence of two separate electronic control units: one to control their general operation and the other to control supply voltage.
Advantages over normal headlights with halogen bulbs are easy to list: light intensity is doubled (from 1500 to 3000 lumen); efficiency increases from 25 to 85 lumen per watt, and hours’ duration also doubles (from 1500 to 3000). Xenon headlights consume less energy and distribute their light beam more effectively. Because their colour shade is closer to white, they also ensure better visibility for the same lighting effect.
Because they are brighter, lighter and achieve greater depth, xenon headlights come with an automatic ride corrector to prevent other drivers from being dazzled. They also maintain a consistent beam pattern for improved driving comfort. The system cuts in automatically to compensate for static ride variations (due to different loads) and dynamic changes (caused by acceleration and braking).
Rain sensor
Alfa 166 3.0 versions are fitted with a rain sensor as standard, (optional on other versions), which automatically adjusts wiper sweep rate according to quantity of water on the screen.
Applied to the upper part of the windscreen behind the central rear view mirror, the system is activated by moving the right hand stalk unit to its intermittent function position. It is based on the principle of infrared ray refraction through glass and water droplets. The optical part of the sensor - the lens - transmits infrared light to the glass. The glass reflects the light and sends it back to the sensor. Because the light energy directed on the windscreen is constant, refracted light levels fall in inverse proportion to the amount of water and other impurities present on the glass. The signal change is processed by an electronic part of the sensor (microprocessor), which activates the appropriate sweep rate.
Because a wet glass surface disturbs human vision more at night than during the day, the microprocessor also considers environmental light levels when adjusting windscreen sweep rate. It also detects water streaks caused by worn windscreen wipers, compensates for the effects of windscreen and electronic system ageing, and adopts special sweep cycles under specific rain conditions: for example, with individual drops on the windscreen or impurities on the surface (salt deposits, dirt, etc.). It also heats the sensor to keep the lens free of condensation and prevent ice formation.
System sensitivity can be altered by operating a 4-position switch on the right hand stalk lever. The system will be de-activated automatically once the engine is switched off. To re-activate the system when the engine is started, the stalk lever is moved to zero and then back to its intermittent position.
When the washer pump has been used, the sensor is automatically activated for long enough to clear resulting drops from the windscreen.
Active safety
Constant, predictable road behaviour that allows for driver error, and the potential to overcome critical situations without distress, are fundamental requirements for good active safety. The Alfa 166 is a leader in this field. Standard equipment power steering and ABS keep the car fully under control even during sudden braking on slippery surfaces. The combination of double wishbone front suspension and multilink rear suspension ensures optimum stability and roadholding, plus great comfort. The entire engine range is outstandingly responsive.
Brakes
The 166 is equipped with a braking system that in terms of structure, size and materials, would do justice to a high powered sportscar. This quiet, effective system ensures smooth, responsive retardation, long brake pad life and short stopping distances - for instance: just 39 metres from 62 mph.
Pedal travel is short so that brake servo characteristics can be exploited to the full. The pedal’s shape is user-friendly because it takes into account pedal position and spacing, together with leg angles.
All versions of the Alfa 166 are fitted with a Bosch 5.3 ABS antilock braking system as standard, the most advanced system available today. It comes with four active sensors, four channels and an 8-valve electronic control unit which includes an electronic brake force distributor (EBD).
The active sensors perform in the same way as traditional sensors to measure wheel speeds, but process the signal themselves instead of sending it to the control unit. This ensures that the system cuts in faster and can also recognise speed signals close to zero (passive sensors cannot measure speeds of less than 2.5mph). The active sensors are also less sensitive to electromagnetic interference.
EBD distributes braking action over all four wheels in order to prevent the rear wheels locking, and ensures full car control under all conditions. It also adapts system operation to tyre grip conditions and brake pad efficiency. Front brake pad temperature and the required brake servo effort are also reduced.
This ABS system therefore offers many advantages in terms of active safety:
maximum braking effort on wheels about to lock, modulated according to road grip;
full car control, even with the brake pedal fully depressed;
high response speed.
ASR and TCS
The Alfa 166 is fitted with two automatic traction control systems to limit wheelspin when road surface grip is poor. These include a Traction Control System (TCS), available as an option on the 2.0 Twin Spark, and Anti Slip Regulation (ASR), fitted as standard on the 3.0 V6 manual and as an option on the 2.5 manual. Sportronic versions have their own anti-slip system built in.
The TCS system is only active at speeds lower than 25 mph and brakes the driven wheels automatically during overly rapid acceleration from a standing start, or in the case of violent acceleration over roads with poor grip. The car is therefore made more stable even under these critical conditions.
The more sophisticated ASR works at any speed. The device computes the degree of slip on the basis of wheel rpm calculated by the ABS sensors, and activates two control systems to restore grip:
when an excessive power demand causes both driven wheels to slip (e.g. during aquaplaning or when accelerating over an unfinished, snowy or icy road surface) it reduces engine torque by reducing the throttle opening angle and thus air flow;
when only one wheel slips (e.g. the nearside wheel following acceleration or dynamic load variations), brakes are automatically applied to that wheel without the driver pressing the brake pedal.
Another significant benefit of ASR is the lower stress on mechanical components (differential and gearbox) achieved by controlling take-off and traction at low speeds. The TCS and ASR operate automatically whenever the engine is started. A switch on the central console is pressed to cut out both devices. More expert drivers are therefore able to exploit the Alfa 166’s potential to the full by taking the car right to its slip limit. (For safety reasons, the system activation threshold is lower).
Passive safety
An integral part of the process of designing a bodyshell and all other vehicle components, such as facia, seats and retaining systems, is awareness of all aspects associated with driver and passenger protection. In the case of the Alfa 166, the new model has passed more than 40 different types of crash test and already meets the most recent proposals for future European legislation.
All types of possible accident have been examined to ensure this level of safety: frontal impact, side impact, roll over, rear impact and fire. Designers also considered different speeds at which impact might take place, different types of obstacle, and protection of occupants who may have very different physical characteristics. In-depth examination of all these parameters helped produce a set of technical solutions that makes the Alfa 166 one of the safest cars on the road.
Rigid, resistant bodyshell
The body’s torsional rigidity plays a leading role in terms of safety and comfort. The Alfa 166 bodyshell has a torsional rigidity value of more than 140,000 daNm/radian (40% more than the Alfa 164). This result makes a significant contribution to the car’s great stability and roadholding.
The front part of the car is designed to deform and thus absorb energy, whether it encounters rigid or deformable objects. The forces and accelerations transmitted to the passenger compartment are therefore minimised. Both chassis rails are also reinforced by a solid front beam which distributes energy throughout the front end when impact occurs on only one side of the car.
The impact force, already slowed down significantly by the front end (which is deliberately designed to yield), finds another obstacle on its route: a protective chamber designed to maintain a survival space inside the passenger compartment. To maintain its shape, the front pillars are joined to the side panel by connection elements that also help to absorb energy from the front end, while the chassis discharges forces into special box-sections beneath the floorpan.
Front and central pillars and the roof beams have been reinforced to obtain maximum stiffness and ensure high levels of resistance to crushing. Great attention has also been devoted to the way these elements are connected and also the connection between central pillar and floorpan. Longitudinal rails and beams make the floorpan particularly solid and minimise pedal deformation. A box-section under the windscreen stiffens the passenger compartment transversely and joins it to the side panels at the waistline.
All these efforts afford passengers real protection against side impact and are further aided by other elements. These include, first and foremost, door side impact beams, together with energy absorbing interior trim, reinforced hinges, and seat trims able to withstand lateral impact.
A solid sheet steel partition behind the rear seat squab divides the passenger compartment from the boot. In the case of impact, this holds luggage in place and prevents it from entering the passenger compartment.
Seatbelts, seats and head-restraints
Seatbelts are 3-point type except for the one in the centre of the rear seat (which is a 2-point lap belt). The front belts are fitted with pretensioners and are height-adjustable. Both lower attachments are also connected to the seat. All tests have shown that correct positioning of seatbelts in relation to the body (with the back section resting in the middle of the shoulder) is an essential requirement if containment systems are to restrain passengers with minimum risk of injury, especially in the case of very high deceleration. In case of impact, an electronic pretensioner (fitted as standard on all Alfa 166 versions) tightens the belt by about 8 cm in a few milliseconds to ensure the belt holds the body effectively.
The anti-submarining design of front and rear seats includes stiff transverse ridges beneath the cushion to prevent occupants sliding beneath the seatbelt during impact.
All head-restraints are designed to offer maximum safety as well as good comfort levels. The front head-restraints can also be adjusted longitudinally (by rotation) to minimise the distance between the occupant’s head and the head-restraint.
Airbags
The Alfa 166 is fitted with two front airbags and two side airbags as standard. The capacity of the driver’s airbag is 55 litres, while the passenger airbag capacity is 120. Their operation is controlled by an electronic control unit able to assess impact severity by means of sensors calibrated by a series of laboratory crash tests.
The time interval between the beginning of impact and bag opening is 18-20 milliseconds, while the bags deflate in 30-35 milliseconds. The gas used to inflate the bags (Argon) is inert and completely atoxic. The bags are nylon, a material which allows the bag to deflate rapidly following impact, (150 milliseconds), while minimising skin abrasions.
The passenger seat is also fitted with a presence sensor. When the seat is empty, the system disables the front airbag, pretensioner and sidebag. When a switch at the right-hand end of the facia is operated using the ignition key, the airbag or airbags may also be de-activated manually, so that a child may be carried in a rear-facing seat. In this case the pretensioner still remains active.
Alfa 166 sidebags are located inside the front seat squab. This solution offers the best protection to occupants regardless of their stature, position assumed and seat adjustment. They also allow a smaller bag to be used because if the airbag was housed in the door, it would have to be bigger to offer the same protection.
On the outside, the presence of the system is indicated by wording embroidered on the squab trim. The activation control sensors are located in the central B pillars.
If an accident occurs, the sensors receive a side acceleration signal and send it to an electronic control unit responsible for operating the front airbag and the seat-belt pretensioners. All these items are controlled as part of an integral system designed to ensure major reductions in destructive forces, and total occupant protection.
Fire Prevention System
Passenger safety is also enhanced by a sophisticated fire prevention system (FPS) which protects against possible vehicle fire.
One of the main components of the FPS is an inertia switch, which in the case of fire, instantaneously cuts the electric fuel pump in petrol vehicles. The switch brings about an instantaneous pressure drop in the fuel lines to prevent fuel emerging.
In the Alfa 166 a fuel cut-off valve prevents fuel loss in the case of impact, roll-over or damage to the fuel lines.
Particular care has been devoted to the arrangement of all pipes, connections and fittings that could be damaged by collision. The impact-resistant fuel tank has also undergone very tough tests at extremely high and low temperatures.
Protection against theft
Alfa CODE II immobiliser
The Alfa 166 is protected against theft attempts by an Alfa CODE II electronic key (the second generation of this tried and tested system). In some countries this sophisticated safety system ensures more favourable insurance rates. It prevents the car from being started without its original key. The key body contains a transponder, (i.e. a sender unit) which authorises start-up by emitting a secret code when prompted by the electronic control unit.
In the Alfa CODE II system, the code is not fixed, but is changed every time the car is started. This refinement guards against any possibility of copying (the number of combinations is infinite). The transmission is also encoded using a secret algorithm.
This system ensures maximum security levels. The secret code is never seen in uncoded form by any operator, either in the factory or at the key manufacturer, and the de-coding algorithm is not contained in any of the components fitted to the car (and cannot therefore be copied). In the case of malfunction, however, the car can be operated using an emergency program: a special code written on the CODE card and known only to the operator is entered via the accelerator pedal.
Anti-theft alarm
In addition to the Alfa CODE II immobiliser, the car is also fitted with an anti-theft alarm. The system contains an electronic control unit with an alarm siren located in the lower part of the luggage compartment and concealed from view by a trim flap. Fitted with perimeter and volumetric sensors, it is activated by a radio-operated remote control built into the ignition key which also locks the doors remotely.
Unlike infrared remote controls, this remote control unit does not need to be pointed very accurately because it acts over a wider range and will even operate through filtering or dirty glass. A rolling code (which is updated each time the system is used) is a guarantee against door opening systems interception.
ALFA 166: EQUIPMENT AND TRIM
A long time ago, the sole responsibility of Alfa Romeo’s interior trim supervisor was to ‘dress’ the engines. Nowadays, Alfa Romeo interior designers have shown that the brand can retain its sporting heart, exuberant performance and sophisticated engineering while boasting inviting, high quality, well-equipped interiors.
Thus, all Alfa 166 versions offer comprehensive trim and fittings. Major systems are fitted as standard on all versions. These include active sensor ABS with electronic brakeforce distributor; driver, passenger and side airbags; electronic seatbelt pretensioners; adjustable head-restraints; a fire prevention system and an Alfa CODE II anti-theft system.
Other items of equipment designed to facilitate life on board and which are present on all Alfa 166s are as follows: an automatic climate control system, sound system with built-in radio/cassette, and a trip computer to record the main journey parameters (fuel consumption, distance from destination, fuel range etc.) which is governed by an ICS system with 5” colour screen; electrically operated windows on all four doors; electrically adjusted heated door mirrors; remote control central locking; foglights, and an adjustable arm rest with oddments compartment between the front seats.
The Alfa 166 2.5 V6 manual is fitted with Sport Throttle Response and electrically operated, heated tilting front seats as standard, with the automatic version also boasting Cruise Control.
The most powerful version in the range, the 3.0 V6, is designated Super in its manual transmission guise, and features a non-overdrive six-speed gearbox, sporty suspension, (stiffer damper settings, different springs and a ride height lowered by 10 mm) and all the high-tech systems previously described. These include,: Cruise Control, Sport Throttle Response, Anti Slip Regulation and a rain sensor. The Super version can be identified by a special nameplate and also by its diamond finish light alloy wheels.
Options
All versions can be personalised with numerous options. These are selected from a range specially designed to increase safety and comfort on the Alfa 166, and enhance its style.
Important safety features include side airbags, xenon gas-discharge headlights and headlight washers, while comfort options include a photochromatic interior rearview mirror, electrically operated fold-in door mirrors, an electric sunroof and a heated front screen. The integrated control system responsible for climate control, radio and trip computer (all fitted as standard) may be extended to include a satellite navigation system with maps and voice guide, GSM telephone with hands-free operation, and a hi-fi with 10 speakers incorporating a six-CD changer.
Momo leather seats are also an option across the range, while metallic iridescent paint (Nuvola and Aurora) are only available as an option on the 3.0 V6 version. A deluxe trim in the form of a wooden steering wheel and gear level knob, together with a central console panel in ‘cubic’ tinted mahogany is also available. A choice of two types of alloy wheels is offered: 16” wheels with 205/55-16 tyres, and 17” wheels with 225/45-17 tyres.
Standard equipment and options
Three interior environments
Alfa 166 customers may choose between three different interior environments: elegant, classic or sporty. The elegant version is based on shades of beige, used on the lower part of the facia, console, central armrest, door panel strip, carpets, roof panel, pillars, parcel shelf and seats.
The classic option is based on shades of light grey. Both elegant and classic versions come with light coloured instrument and control backgrounds.
The sporty character of the Alfa 166 is emphasised by an alternative configuration that matches black instrument and control surrounds with anthracite grey seats and carpets. The instruments and controls also come with a dark background in this case.
All three versions come with central panels painted in titanium colour. The upper part of the facia and door panels are finished in black. In each case, velour (elegant and classic environments) or cloth (sports environment) seat trim may be replaced by Momo leather.
Two full leather interiors have also been developed as options. These are Red Style, reserved for the 3.0 V6, and Blue Style, available on all other Alfa 166 versions. In these two specifications the following features come trimmed in red or blue leather according to the option selected: seats, door panels, console sides, front arm rest, gear lever and hand-brake (and gaiter). Other interior elements come in the relevant shade: carpets, mats, central console, sill kick plates and seat housings.
Body colours
The Alfa 166 is available in a choice of 12 colours: two pastel shades (Luxor black and Alfa red), eight metallic and two iridescent. The effect of the iridescent shades depends on paint composition and the way the light reflects off the body.
In the case of metallic paints, the basic shade is mixed with aluminium or mica particles. The semi-transparent mica determines a clean, deep and glossy shade. This is the main property of the following colours: Proteus red, Light grey, Neptune grey, Argo green, Minerva green, Ontario blue, Odyssey blue and Volcano black.
Two iridescent shades are available. Nuvola blue is joined by a new shade, Aurora, which reflects the white luminescence of Venetian Murano glassware. These two shades owe their iridescent appearance to the particular composition of the paint, and also a somewhat complex technological process. The final effect is achieved by applying seven successive paint layers, each of which allows the previous layer to shine through, but adds its own subtle variation.
The final result is a colour that changes according to an observer’s position relative to the car. The effect is created by light refraction.
Body colours and upholstery
ALFA 166: ACCESSORIES
One group of accessories aims to tailor the car’s appearance to the driver’s wishes. Other accessories can adapt the car to the specific needs of those who have to carry small children, or who often carry sports equipment. More accessories protect against possible theft. There is also a range of prestigious lifestyle items available for Alfa enthusiasts, through the launch of the Alfa Romeo Boutique. The new range, which has been improved and extended to celebrate the Alfa 166 launch, includes items ranging from leather handbags and briefcases through to sunglasses and clothing, all designed by Alfa Romeo Centro Stile.
Sportiness and elegance
A sports kit is available for the 166 which includes sideskirts and spoilers at front and rear. It may also be complemented by sporty alloy wheels and a lower ride height.
Interior trim can also be enhanced by a range of leather steering wheels selected to co-ordinate with interior car colours.
Leisure time
Alfa Romeo Style Centre has also designed a range of practical, state-of-the-art accessories for leisure use. One example is a roof-mounted box carrier. This aerodynamic feature is made out of ABS and fitted with an automatic opening system so that luggage and equipment can easily be loaded from both sides. Useful carrier bars can also be employed to take bicycles, surfboards and skis. Designed specially for the Alfa 166, they come with high-strength steel brackets and are curved for greater aerodynamic efficiency.
The boot can be equipped with bags and restraints to keep everything tidy and prevent sudden and annoying movements of small luggage items. Other bags can be secured beneath the boot on the right-hand side of the luggage compartment. They are made out of black, washable, fire-resistant, waterproof material.
The Alfa 166 accessories range also includes child seats for different age groups, and vanity cases.
Technology and safety
The most high-tech products in the range are the safety and security systems - all homologated to the toughest European standards. These include radio-controlled alarm systems and parking sensors (front and rear) to help the driver when manoeuvring.
Finally, the radio system can be extended to include a CD changer for six CDs that comes with the Hi-Fi option.
ALFA 166: PRODUCTION
Alfa 166 is built at Rivalta, some 12 miles from Turin. This factory contains the press shop, panel shop, paint shop, assembly shop and test track. Engines come from Pratola Serra in Campania and Arese in Milan.
Rivalta is equipped with up-to-date, reliable technology. The painting system, for example, is less than two years old and can use up to 25 colours. The factory covers 2,291,000 square metres and employs some 4200 people.
Staff have undergone 84,000 hours of training in order to produce 166. The training process was particularly directed at electronic component installation staff and integrated process leaders, i.e. the engineers responsible, among other things, for training assembly line staff.
Panel shop
Highly automated systems in the panel shop assemble Alfa 166 bodyshells using some 500 spot welds. The first 60 spots, which are the most important because they determine body geometry, are carried out by six robots in the Robogate system. One particularly advanced new feature introduced for the Alfa 166 is automatic robotised welding of the rear ‘node’ (the meeting point between pillar and roof). Once assembled, the body is examined by a Mac check station which monitors 260 measurements to ensure vehicle geometry is perfect.
Paint shop
After assembly, bo
